The Reference(s) page(s) begins on a new page. The references should be listed in alphabetical

order. Consider author's names such as McAfee and Macwerner literally. Macwerner would

come first. For two or more references with the same author, list first whichever one has the

earliest publication year, and single author citations precede multiple author citations. If there is

NO Author, the title moves to the author position, and the entry is alphabetized by the first

significant word of the title (APA, 1994, p.180). In instances where you have two or more

references that contain the same author and year, differentiate them by placing a, b, c, d, etc.

after the year. For example:
 

National Institute of Mental Health. (1994a). Bipolar Disorder [Brochure]. Indianapolis, IN:

National Institute of Mental Health. (1994b). Depression [Brochure]. Indianapolis, IN:

Then use the appropriate year and letter when citing in text.

All references should be double-spaced and indented. The following reference formats are given as

examples, and DO NOT cover how to cite every type of reference. Consult your APA Manual for

more information (APA, 1994, pp. 189-222).

Periodicals with One Author

Required Information: Author's surname and initials of first and middle name (if given).

(Year of publication). Title of article. Publication information which includes: Journal title and

volume number (underlined), the inclusive page numbers. Note: If , and only if, each issue of a

journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume

number. If no publication date is available, write "n.d." in parenthesis. (p. 184).
 

Teri, L. (1982). Depression in adolescence: Its relationship to assertion and various aspects

Periodicals with Two Authors
 

Sonne, J. L., & Pope, K. S. (1991). Treating victims of therapist-patient involvement.

Unpublished Manuscript with a University Cited
 

Borst, W. U. (1996). Guidelines for writing in APA style. Unpublished manuscript, Troy

Books

Information needed: Book authors or editors, date of publication, book title, publication information.
 

Elkind, D. (1978). The child's reality: Three developmental themes. New Jersey: Lawrence

Edited Book

Marshall, F. J. (Ed.). (1996). Common ground. Atlanta: Make Believe Publications.

Duckworth, J. C., & Levitt, E. E. (1994). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2.

Pro-Ed.

Groups as Authors
 

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental

Note: This is also an example of how to reference editions of books. When the publisher and author

are the same, use "Author" for the publisher

Magazine Article

Arie, M. (1996, October 8). Protecting yourself from evil E-mail. PC Magazine, 15, p. 192.

ERIC Document
 

Simms, H. S. (1996). The title of the article goes here (Report No. NCRTL-XX-99-1).

Reproduction Service No. ED 888 096)

Abstracts on CD-Rom
 

Author, I. (date). Title of article [CD-ROM]. Title of Journal, xx, xx-xx. Abstract

Full-Text Article on CD-ROM
 

Sears, S. W. (1994, Winter). The first news blackout. <Civil War Chronicles>, pp. 16-23.

FL: SIRS, Inc. [Producer and Distributor].)

Personal Communication

Personal communications may be memos, letters, lectures, seminars, interviews, telephone

conversations, e-mail, and the like. These types of sources do not provide recoverable data and

are NOT included in the reference list. Cite personal communications in TEXT only. Give the

initials as well as the surname of the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible: W. U.

Borst (personal communication, April 7, 1997) said that these are not included in the reference

list or (W. U. Borst, personal communication, April 7, 1997)

See APA, 1994, pp. 173-174 for more information.

Other Electronic Media

Note: At the time of publication, the APA manual only gave suggestions on how to reference

information off the Internet and other on-line sources.

The following are examples that are becoming the standard in APA format.

WWW page
 

Dewey, R. (1996). APA publication manual crib sheet. [On-Line]. Available:

For Gopher or FTP data, insert gopher or ftp in place of the http://www.

For a complete listing consult APA, 1994, pp. 189-222.

THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED FREELY AS LONG AS THIS PAGE IS

INCLUDED.