Aristomenes is an example of the hypo-masculine. By freezing up during a moment
of confrontation and allowing women to take the active role he becomes less
of a man. When the witches first enter the bedroom where Aristomenes and Socrates
are sleeping, the bed is thrown over Aristomenes by their forceful entrance.
Rather than make any move to remedy the situation Aristomenes remains
hidden. He watches the actions of the two elderly women, but he does nothing
to stop them. Aristomenes passivity is illustrated by his own feeling
of being "transformed from Aristomenes into a tortoise"(8), because
he is covered by the overturned bed. This animal is particularly evocative of
slow movement and sedentary and this points to Aristomenes own lack of
action.
Even the witches see fit to point out the inactivity of Aristomenes. One
of the sisters explains: "This good fellow, she said,
is Aristomenes the counselor. He proposed the escape, and n ow he lies
close to death. He is lying on the ground, stretched out beneath the bed, watching
all that is going on, and thinking that he will get away scot-free with insulting
me"(Book 1, Chapter 12). The witch clearly explains that Aristomenes
is the person responsible for encouraging Socrates to escape. However, when
push comes to shove, Aristomenes becomes immobilized with fear. Indeed, his
fear physically manifests itself on Aristomenes as he listens to the witches
speak about him: "In my desperate plight as I heard this, I broke
out in a cold sweat, and my stomach turned over with fright, so that my shaking
even disturbed the bed, which bounded up and down in spasms on my back"(Book
1, Chapter 13). By letting fear overtake him to the point where he has no control
over his body, further illustrates Aristomenes lack of manhood. Indeed,
the witches speak of cutting off Aristomenes "manhood"(Book 1, Chapter
13). The irony in this statement is explicit, as Aristomenes is not behaving
like a man.
Because of this passivity, Aristomenes is implicated in the death of Socrates.
Aristomenes simply allows the witches to murder his friend in front of him without
taking any action against them. Thus Aristomenes becomes culpable. Aristomenes
realizes his culpability as he wonders what the reaction of others will be:
You could at least have clamored for help, even if a man your size couldnt
withstand a mere woman. What, you watched a man have his throat cut, and you
kept quiet?" (Book 1, Chapter 14). Thus Aristomenes himself realizes
his own lack of masculinity. However, Aristomenes decides that, "the best
course of action would be to steal away before daybreak..."(Book 1, Chapter
14). Thus Aristomenes proves himself even more of a coward because the only
action he is willing to take is to escape a situation where he knows he should
have acted. However, Aristomenes is unsuccessful even in his flight, for the
gatekeeper noticing his untimely departure refuses to allow him to leave and
suspects him of committing some crime. Because he cannot escape the situation
by any other means, he decides to do so by committing suicide. The irrationality
of it is that Aristomenes is willing to kill himself because he is afraid he
will be killed for behaving like a coward and attempting to save his own life
by hiding from the witches in the first place.
The act of the witches urinating on Aristomenes manifests his pathetic and unmanly
nature. He, "remained still stretched out on the ground, lifeless and naked,
shivering and soaked in ´ urine"(9). The urine functions as a stigma
as Socrates, on waking, mentions the smell and refuses Aristomenes embrace on
its account. It is even suggested that Aristomenes may have wet himself during
the night. Ironically, the truth is much worse, since he allowed himself to
be urinated on by two women. Also the urination is a way of emasculating Aristomenes
further. The act of the two witches sitting astride him and urinating serves
to show how he is so passive and immobile that it is as if he is being sexually
dominated by the two women. Aristomenes is so haunted by his passivity and cowardice
that he goes into voluntary exile in order to escape the shame of his actions.