Animal Structure		Spring 2000
	FINAL EXAM
Mehaffey

 

 

1.      [15 Points] the following is a partial list of circulatory elements in a lungfish:

1. Posterior gill arch
2. Anterior gill arches
3. Conus arteriosus 
4. Dorsal aorta
5. Pulmonary vein
6. Systemic circulation
7. Sinus venosus 
8. Lung
9. Pulmonary artery 
10. Ventricle
11. Atrium
12. Ventral aorta 
13. Cardinal veins

 

List the letters corresponding to the path followed by oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the lungfish when it is breathing air:

1. oxygenated blood path:
2. deoxygenated blood path:

 

2.     [5 Points]: List five characteristics of the phylum Chordata.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.      [6 Points]: Why are Urochordates grouped in with the Chordates? Why are they NOT grouped in with the vertebrates?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.      [5 Points] Give two functions of air sacs in birds.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.      [10 Points] Fill in the following table:

 

COMMON NAME	PHYLUM	CLASS
Sea Horse
Centipede
Sea Cucumber
Frog
Tyrannosaurus rex
Fruit fly
Head louse
Hookworm
Vulture
Bat

 

6.      [5 Points] How do birds manage to keep their wing elevator muscles ventral to the wing attachment point?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7.      [5 Points] What is the main difference between the classical and cladistic taxonomy of the vertebrates when it comes to reptiles?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.      [20 Points] Give an example (common name only, NOT phylum) of an animal in which each of the following might be found:

 

a.                  Syrinx

 

b.                  Three middle ear bones

 

c.                  Single (right) aortic arch

 

d.                  Molars

 

e.                  Air bladder

 

f.                    Endostyle

 

g.                  Hepatic cecum

 

h.                  Placenta

 

i.                    Foramen of Panizzae

 

j.                     Conus arteriosus

 

 

9.      [24 Points] Compare and contrast [Please use the form “Both are...; they differ in...”]:

 

a.                  Crocodilian and squamate (or turtle) heart

 

 

 

           

           

 

 

b.                  Countercurrent and crosscurrent exchange

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

c.                  Amniotes and anamniotes

 

 

 

 

 

 

d.                  Spiral valve and intestine

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

e.                  Agnathans and teleosts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

f.                    Notochord and vertebral column

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

g.                  Enteropneusts and pterobranchs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

h.                  Ectothermy and endothermy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10. [5 Points] How do you tell if a fossil is a mammal or a reptile?