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EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE |
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SPRING 2001 |
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HOUR TEST I |
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INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer all of the following questions.
Many answers require only a word or two, while others will
need a few sentences. Beside each question is the worth of the answer
in points. The points add up to 102, although you need only score 100
to get full credit. Please budget your time according to the points
(about a half-minute per point).
1.
[4] What advantage(s) does the polyp
generation (when present) provide for cnidarians?
2.
[4] Which of the phyla we have so far
studied show:
a. radial
symmetry? _______________________
b. bilateral
symmetry? _____________________
c. no
symmetry? __________________________
3.
[3] In what phylum and class would you
find Physalia, the Portuguese Man-O-War? Is it a medusa or a
polyp?
4.
[2] List two apomorphies of sponges.
5.
[3] Why do we assign a significant role in evolution
to homeotic genes?
6.
[3] List two characteristics which
distinguish hydrozoan from scyphozoan medusae.
7.
[3] Using the letters b,c,d etc.,
sequence the following as to the path followed by water in a leucon
grade sponge:
_____ Osculum
_____ Prosopyle
_____ incurrent canal
_____ Apopyle
_____ choanocyte chamber
__a__ dermal pore
_____ exhalent canal
8.
[4] Distinguish between monophyletic, paraphyletic,
and polyphyletic clades.
8.
[5] In the following table, place the
appropriate sequence number (2, 3, etc) in the box under each of the
three classes to indicate the order of appearance of the stage in the
life cycle. If a stage does not exist, enter a 0.
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Life Stage |
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polyp |
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scyphistoma |
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strobilia |
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medusa |
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ephyra |
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planula |
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10. [3]
What organisms have “gemmules”? What purpose do they serve?
11.
[24] In a sentence or two, differentiate
between:
a. coelom
and pseudocoelom
b. Definitive
and intermediate host (for a parasite)
c. apomorphisms
and pleisiomorphisms
d. Cladistics
and classical taxonomy
e. protandrous
and protygynous hermaphroditism.
f.
diploblastic and triploblastic organisms
g. digenetic
and monogenetic flukes
h. cell
and tissue levels of organization
12.
[4] What role does (do) the asexual
generation(s) play in the life cycle of some platyhelminth parasites?
13.
[3] We have said that all cells must be
within about 1 mm of an exchange surface. How do ctenophores
accomplish this?
14. [3]
Name two intermediate hosts for nematode parasites.
15. [12]
Complete the following table:
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Common
Name |
Phylum |
Class |
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Venus’ girdle |
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schistosome |
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pinworm |
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planarian |
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tapeworm |
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organ-pipe coral |
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16. [3]
Where do you fine rhopalia? What organs can be found in a rhopalium?
17. [2]
What is “totipotence” in sponges?
18. [2]
What is the advantage of having an anus?
19. [2]
What is eutely?
20. [2]
Which class of Platyhelminthes contains the tapeworms?
21. [5]
Using the letters a through e, place in life-cycle order the
following stages in the life cycle of a digenic fluke:
_____ metacercaria
_____ redia
_____ sporocyst
_____ cercaria
_____ miricidium
22. [2]
In what phylum might you find an coeloblastula larva?
23.
[4] Assign the following characteristics
to either Protostomes (P) or Deuterostomes (D):
a. spiral
cleavage ________
b. radial
cleavage ________
c. enterocoely
___________
d. schizocoely
___________