ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

EDUCATION

GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, HONORS & AWARDS

PUBLICATIONS

CONFERENCE PAPERS, LECTURES, PANELS

TEACHING AREAS

COURSES TAUGHT

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES/AFFILIATION


ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS

2004-present, Associate Professor, Sociology, Vassar College.
2006-2009, Director of Asian Studies Program, Vassar College.
2004-2005, Fulbright Senior Scholar, Graduate School of International Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
1997-2004, Assistant Professor, Sociology, Vassar College.
1995-1997, Visiting Assistant Professor, Sociology, Vassar College.
1993-1995, Lecturer, Social Studies (undergraduate interdisciplinary honors program), Harvard University.


EDUCATION

Ph.D., Brandeis University, Sociology, 1994 (dissertation: "Economic Development and Gender Politics in South Korea, 1963-1992").
M.A., Northeastern University, Sociology, 1988.
B.A., Yonsei University, Sociology, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1985.


GRANTS, FELLOWSHIPS, HONORS & AWARDS

2007 (March), Korean translation of Militarized Modernity and Gendered Citizenship in South Korea (Duke University Press 2005) was elected to be one of 10 books worth reading by the Korean Publication Ethics Commission.

2005-2006, Visiting Fellow, Council on East Asian Studies, Yale Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University.

2005, Korea Foundation Advanced Research Grant (project: "Making Citizens, Practicing Citizenship: Gender, Class and Civic Selfhood in South Korea")

2004, 2004-2005 Fulbright Scholar Award, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, the United States Department of State (research project: "Making Citizens, Practicing Citizenship: A Study of Two Grassroots Associations in South Korea").

Fall, 2003 and Fall, 2002, Visiting Scholar, Korea Institute, Harvard University.

2003, Northeast Asia Council (NEAC) Research Grant, the Association for Asian Studies.

2008 – 1996 (every year), Faculty Research Grants, Vassar College.

2007, 2000, & 1996, Ford Scholars Program Award, Vassar College.

1997, SSRC International Migration Research Planning Grant (co-recipient), the Social Science Research Council.

1996, General Research Grant, the American Philosophical Society.

1995, Northeast Asia Council (NEAC) Research Grant,the Association for Asian Studies.

1994-1995, Distinction in Teaching Award, Harvard University.

1993-1994, Distinction in Teaching Award, Harvard University.

1992, Sachar International Fellowship, Brandeis University.

1992, Women's Studies Dissertation Grant, Brandeis University.

1989-1992, University Fellowship, Brandeis University.

1988, Elected to Phi Kappa Phi, the National Interdisciplinary Honor Society.


PUBLICATIONS

Book

Militarized Modernity and Gendered Citizenship in South Korea. (Duke University Press; Politics, History, and Culture Series, 2005); reprinted in 2007.

Kunsajuŭie kach’in kŭndae: kungminmandŭlgi, simindoegi, kŭrigo sŏngŭi chŏngch’i, Korean translation of the aforementioned book (Seoul: Alternative Culture Publication, 2007).

Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire (forthcoming, Duke University Press); co-edited this volume, authored three chapters of this volume, and co-authored Introduction and Conclusion.


Refereed journal articles and book chapters:

"The Interplay between the State, the Market, and Culture in Shaping Civil Society: A Case Study of the PSPD in Post-Military Rule Korea," Journal of Asian Studies (forthcoming).

"Politics of Remembering Park Chung Hee," Harvard Asia Quarterly Vol. XI (Spring/Summer 2008): 26-44.

"Buddhist Temple Food in South Korea: Interests and Agency in the Reinvention of Tradition in the Age of Globalization," (currently being reviewed for publication in Korea Journal).

"Introduction: the Politics of Gender, Sexuality and Race in the U.S. Military Empire" (co-authored with Maria Hoehn) in Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire (Duke University Press, forthcoming).

"Regulating Desire, Managing Soldiers: the U.S. Military Prostitution in South Korea, 1945-1970" in Over There.

"In the U.S. Army but not quite of It: Contesting the Imperial Power in the Discourse of KATUSAs (Korean Augmentation Troops to the United States Army)" in Over There.

"Camptown Prostitution and Imperial ‘SOFA’: Abuse and Violence against Transnational Camptown Women in South Korea" in Over There.

"Conclusion" (co-authored with Maria Hoehn) in Over There.

"Women and Civil Society in South Korea" in Korean Society: Civil Society, Democracy, and the State, 2nd ed. edited by Charles K. Armstrong (Routledge, 2007; reprinted in 2008): 121-148.

"The Rise of Women in Korea: Gains and Obstacles" in Insight into Korea, edited by the Korea Herald. Seoul: Herald Media, 2007): 204-213.

"Cambio social y situación de las mujeres en Corea del Sur: Familia, trabajo y politica" (Social change and women's position in South Korea: family, work, and politics) in Mujeres asiáticas: Cambio social y modernidad (Asian women: Social Change and Modernity), edited by Amelia Sááiz López. Documento CIDOB-Asia, no. 12. Barcelona: Fundación CIDOB, 2006): 24-48.

"Trouble with Conscription, Entertaining Soldiers: Popular Culture and the Politics of Militarized Masculinity in South Korea" Men and Masculinities 8:1 (July 2005): 64-92.

"Immigration and Mothering: Two Generations of Middle-Class Korean Immigrant Women," Gender & Society 17:6(December 2003): 840-860.

"Redrafting Democratization through Women’s Representation and Participation in the Republic of Korea" in Korea’s Democratization, edited by Samuel S. Kim (Cambridge University Press, 2003): 107-134.

"Imagining a Nation through Differences: Reading the Controversy concerning the Military Service Extra Points System in South Korea," The Review of Korean Studies 5:2(December 2002): 73-109.

"Beyond Equality Versus Difference: Professional Women Soldiers in the South Korean Army," Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society 9:2(Summer 2002): 212-247.

"Carving Out Space: Civil Society and the Women's Movement in South Korea," The Journal of Asian Studies 61:2(May, 2002): 473-500.

"The Production and Subversion of Hegemonic Masculinity: Reconfiguring Gender Hierarchy in Contemporary South Korea," in Under construction: The Gendering of Modernity, Class, and Consumption in the Republic of Korea, ed. Laurel Kendall (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001), pp. 79-113.

"Overcome by Globalization: The Rise of a Women's Policy in South Korea," in Korea's Globalization, ed. Samuel S. Kim (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 126-46.

"Gender, Militarization, and Universal Male Conscription in South Korea," in The Women and War Reader, eds. Lois Lorentzen and Jennifer Turpin (New York: New York University Press, 1998), pp. 90-100.

"Begetting the Nation: The Androcentric Discourse of National History and Tradition in South Korea," in Dangerous Women: Gender and Korean Nationalism , eds. Elaine Kim and Chungmoo Choi (New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 33-66.

"Eurocentric Elements in the Idea of 'Surrender-and-Catch'," Human Studies 16(1993): 305-317.


Book (and film) Reviews:

Gi-Wook Shin, Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy (2006) in Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews (November 2008).

"A review of The Unforgiven (Yongsŏbatchi mothanja)" (2005 film about three Korean conscripts directed by Jong-bin Yoon, 120 minutes), News and Reviews (Publication of the Asian Educational Media Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Issue 26 (Summer 2007): 1 and 8

Kyung Hyun Kim, The Remasculinization of Korean Cinema (2004) in Journal of Gender Studies (July 2005): 169-170.

Nancy Abelmann, The Melodrama of Mobility: Women, Talk and Class in Contemporary South Korea (2003) in Gender & Society 19:1(February 2005): 125-126.

Sheila Miyoshi Jager, Narratives of Nation building in Korea: A Genealogy of Patriotism (2003) in Acta Koreana 8:2 (July 2005): 185-186.

Mary C. Brinton, ed., Women’s Working Lives in East Asia (2001) and Esther Ngan-ling Chow, ed., Transforming Gender and Development in East Asia (2002) in Gender & Society 17:4(August 2003): 643-644.

Charles K. Armstrong, Korean Society: Civil Society, Democracy, and the State (2002) in Pacific Affairs 76:1(Spring 2003): 134-135.

John Lie, Han Unbound: the Political Economy of South Korea (1998) in Social Forces 77 (June 1999): 1656-58.

Barbara Ehrenreich, Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of War (1997) in Peace Work, Issue no. 279 (November 1997): 5-6.


Other Publications:

"The Rise of Women in Korea: Gains and Obstacles," a special feature article commissioned by the Korea Herald (a major English newspaper published in South Korea), July 11 2007, p. 4 and p. 9.

"Gender, Conscription, and Popular Culture in Contemporary Korea," in The Military and South Korean Society, edited by Young-Key Kim-Renaud, R. Richard Grinker, and Kirk W. Larsen. The Sigur Center Asia Papers no. 26. The Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University (2006): 15-27.

"Betwixt and Between Law and Practices: Korean Women in the Workplace," Edging Toward Full Empowerment: South Korean Women in the Workplace and the Political Arena, Asia Program Special Report no. 132 (September 2006), edited by Michael Kugelmann, Asian Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC: 6-13. A slightly different version of this article (entitled "Korean Women in Workplace: Law and Practice") was republished in Korean Journal of Public Policy 22(Winter 2006): 49-61.

"Haebang 60junyŏnŭi sijage t’al/minjogjuŭirŭl saenggakhamyŏ" (A reflection on nationalism and postnationalism at the outset of the sixtieth anniversary of Korean Independence), Tangdaebip'yŏng (February 2005): 83-88.

"Interpreting the Gendered Process of Democratization in South Korea," The Good Society, a PEGS (Political Economy of the Good Society) journal 11:3 (2002): 36-42.

"Namsŏngŭi, namsŏnge ŭihan, namsŏngŭl wihan han’guk" (Korea: of the men, by the men, and for the men), Tangdaebip'yŏng 9(Winter 1999): 115-137; This work is a Korean translation of "Begetting the Nation."

"Modernization of Gender Hierarchy in South Korea: the Politics of Family Law Reform," The Journal of Modern Korean Studies 6(1996): 19-43.


CONFERENCE PAPERS, LECTURES, PANELS

2005 Regular Session organizer and presider of "Immigration and Gender" American Sociological Association Meeting, Philadelphia, August 13-16 (invited).
2005 Organizer and presider of "Gender & Sexuality in the Global U.S. Military Empire" sponsored by Sex & Gender session, American Sociological Association Meeting.
2005 "The Rise and Decline of Militarized Modernity in South Korea," Frontier of Sociology: 37th World Congress of the International Institute of Sociology, Stockholm, Sweden, July 5-9.
2005 "Transnational (hetero)sexuality and the U.S. Military Empire in South Korea," Women's Worlds 2005: 9th International Interdisciplinary Congress on Women, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, June 19-24.
2005 Organized "Gender and Sexuality in the US Global Military Empire," the 13th Berkshire Conference on Women's History, Claremont, CA, June 2-5. Presented "Transnational (hetero)sexuality and the U.S. Military Empire in South Korea."
2005 Lecture on "Gendered Trajectories of Citizenship in post-1987 Korea," 46th Yonsei Korea Foundation Korean Studies Forum, May 10 (invited).
2005 Seminar on Theories of Citizen/Civil Society/Citizenship, Ewha School for Leadership Development, Ewha Womans University, March 4 (invited).
2004 Special Lecture on the Politics of Gender and Sexuality in the U.S. Global Military Empire after 9-11, Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, December 3 (invited).
2004 Commentator for Fall Seminar of Korea Philosophy Association, entitled " Is Just War Possible?," Dongkuk University, Seoul, November 27 (invited).
2004 Commentator for the International Forum, "Women and Peace in Asia," the Institute for Gender Research at Seoul National University,October 29 (invited).
2004 Public lecture on my forthcoming book, Militarized Modernity and Gendered Citizenship in South Korea, 1963-2002, University of Texas,Austin, April 23 (invited)
2004 Public lecture on "Cultural Politics of Militarized Masculinity in Contemporary Korea," Arizona State University, February 2 (invited)
2003 Organized a roundtable session on Chandra T. Mohanty, "Reflecting on Transnational Feminist Pedagogy and Strategies," the Annual Meeting of American Sociological Association, Atlanta, August 16-19
2002 "Transnational Consumption of Cinematic Images: Crisis of Masculinity in Middle-Class Korea and Japan," East Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, December 6 (invited).
2002 "Imagining a Nation through Differences: Reading the Controversy concerning the Military Service Extra Points System in South Korea," 2002-2003 Korea Colloquium Series, Korea Institute, Harvard University, November 21 (invited).
2002 "Immigration and Mothering: Two Generations of Korean Middle-Class Immigrant Women," Korean-American Women: The Challenge of the Second Century (conference organized by the Women’s Development Institute International, and the Center for East Asian Studies and Women’s Studies Program at University of Pennsylvania), Philadelphia, November 16th (invited).
2002 "Redrafting Democratization through Women’s Representation and Participation in the Republic of Korea" Korean Studies Forum (lecture series funded by the Fulbright Foundation and the Korea Foundation), Yonsei University, Seoul, October 17th (invited).
2002 "Militarized Modernity and Gendered Citizenship in Contemporary Korea," New Dimensions in Korean Historiography (conference fundedby POSCO and the Research Center for the Humanities, Sogang University, Seoul and the Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawai’i), Pohang, Korea, October 10-13 (Invited)
2002 "Globalization and Mothering: Case Studies from Two Generations of Korean Immigrant Women," the Annual Meeting of American Sociological Association, Chicago, August 16-19.
2002 "Consuming the Still Powerful "Other’: Transnational Urban Middle-class Sensibilities in Japanese Movies Shown in South Korea," the Sixth Pacific and Asia Conference on Korean Studies (PACKS), Seoul, June 18-20.
2002 "Civil Society and the Women's Movement in South Korea," Contemporary Korean Affairs Seminar, Center for Korean Research, Columbia University, March 28 (invited)
2001 "Exploring Topography of Global Gender and Sexuality Studies in Sociology," the Annual Meeting of American Sociological Association, Anaheim, CA, August 20 (invited).
2001 "The Industrial Use of Male Conscripts and the Marginalization of Women in the South Korean Economy, 1973-1990," the ICAS (International Conference of Asia Scholars) 2, Berlin, Germany, August 9.
2001 Organized a panel, "Engendering Political Economy and Popular Culture in East Asia," the ICAS2.
2001 "Women and Democratization: A Study of State Feminism in South Korea, 1993-the Present." Research Project on Korean Democracy and Development, Center for Korean Research, East Asia Institute, Columbia University, May 18-19 (invited).
2001 "Gender Politics and Nation Building and in South Korea," Contemporary Korean Affairs Seminar, Center for Korean Research, East Asia Institute, Columbia University, February 15 (invited).
2000 "Counterpublic Space, Coalition, and Family Law Reform Movement in South Korea," Workshop on Civil Society, Democracy, and Social Inequality in Korea, University of Maryland, College Park, October 16 (invited)
2000 "Beyond Equality versus Difference: Professional Women Soldiers in South Korean Army," the Annual Conference of American Sociological Association, Washington, D.C., August 12-16.
2000 "Trouble with Conscription: The Rhetoric of Militarized Masculinity and Social Meanings of Military Service in South Korea," Conference on the Rhetoric(s) of Masculinity at Universidad de Sevilla in Seville, Spain, March 2-4.
1999 "Contested Citizenship: A Controversy over Military Service and Gender Equality in Employment," the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Boston, March 11-14.
1999 Organized a panel, "Politics of Gender and Sexuality in South-East Asia," the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Boston.
1998 "Ambivalent Labor of Love: Experience of Motherhood among two Generations of Korean Immigrant Women," New York Conference of Asian Studies in New Paltz, October 17th.
1998 Organized a panel on East Asian Immigrant Women in the New York Conference of Association for Asian Studies.
1998 "Shifting Identities: Korean Immigrant Women and Ideological Work," the International Conference of Asia Scholars (ICAS) in Leiden, the Netherlands, June 27th.
1998 "Globalization and the Rise of a Women's Policy in South Korea," Research Workshop on South Korea and Globalization, Columbia University, May 22. (invited)
1998 Organized an interdisciplinary workshop, "The Other Half of the 'Model Minority': Gendered Experiences and Transformation of Identities among East Asian Immigrant Women in the U.S." March 14-15, Vassar College. (funded by the SSRC International Migration Research Planning Grant)
1997 "Women's Movements and Civil Society in South Korea," Workshop on Civil Society in Korea, Columbia University, May 31st. (invited)
1997 "Globalization, the State, and 'Women Policy' in South Korea," the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association of Asian Studies in Chicago, March 16, 1997.
1997 "Militarization of the Korean Peninsula and Gender Hierarchy in South Korea," Conference on Frontline Feminisms: Women, War, Resistance, University of California, Riverside, January 16.
1996 "Practices of Militarized Masculinity and Gender Hierarchy in South Korea, 1963-1992," Brownbag Lunch Lecture Series at the East Asia Institute, Columbia University, November 14 (invited).
1996 "Militarized Masculinity and the State in South Korea," East Asia Colloquium Series, Wellesley College, October 3 (invited).
1995 "Modernization of Gender Hierarchy in South Korea: the Politics of Family Law Reform," the Annual Meeting of Canadian Sociology and Anthropology Association in Montreal, June 6, 1995.
1995 "Stories of Hope and Despair: First Generation Korean Immigrant Women," the Annual Meeting of Association for Asian American Studies in Oakland, CA, June 3.
1995 "Militarized Masculinity and the State in South Korea," the 47th Annual Meeting of Association for Asian Studies in Washington, DC, April 8.
1995 "Engendering the State in South Korea, 1963-1992," the 1995 Brown Bag Lecture Series at the Center for East Asian & Pacific Studies,University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, March 28 (invited).
1994 "A Reflection on Culture, "Tradition," and Violence Against Women," the Fifth KAWDT (Korean American Women Doing Theology) Conference on "Women's Body, Cultural Interpretations, and Social Reality" in New York City, September 16 (invited).
1994 "Gender Politics of Motherhood/Wifehood: Women and the State in South Korea," the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Korean Studies in Americas on "Gender, Culture, and Politics in the Korean and Korean American Communities" in New York City, July 23.
1994 "Gender and Official Nationalist Discourse in South Korea," International Conference, "Anticipating the 21st Century: Contemporary Cultural Politics in East Asia" at University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, March 4.
1994 A panelist on "War, Militarism, and Violence against Women," Peace and Justice Study, Tufts University, Medford, MA, March 1, 1994 (invited).
1992 "National Development & Sexual Politics in South Korea, 1961-the present," Forum of Graduate Women's Studies Scholarship at Brandeis University, May 5 .

TEACHING AREAS

Political and Cultural Sociology (militarism, militarization, and the military instiution; civil society and NGOs; food); Women's Movements in East Asia; Social Theory and Feminist Theory; Class, Gender, Race/ethnicity, and Sexuality in Asian American Communities.


COURSES TAUGHT

SOCI 151 Introductory Sociology (with the focus on the classical sociological theory of Anna Julia Cooper, W.E.B. Du Bois, Durkheim, Marx, Simmel, and Weber)
ASIA 110 Social Change in Korea through Film (combined with two-week study trip to Korea during the spring break
WMST 251 Global Feminisms: Building Solidarity across Power Differences
SOCI 236 Women, Men, and Social Change in East Asia
SOCI 247 Modern Social Theory: Redrawing the Boundary
SOCI 257 Re-orienting America: Asians in American History and Society
SOCI 288 Asian American Communities: Contemporary Issues
SOCI 347 Reenvisioning Women in the Third World (seminar)
ASIA/SOCI 38 Women's Movements in Asia (seminar)
SOCI 382 Women and the Politics of Third World Development(seminar)

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES/SERVICES

Vassar College:

Elected Director, Asian Studies Program, Vassar College (2006-2009).
Member, Institutional Review Board (2007-2009).
Member, Committee on Curricular Policies (Spring 2008).
Elected member, Committee on Curricular Policies (2001-2002).
Steering committee member, Asian Studies Program (1997- the present).
Steering committee member, Women's Studies Program (1997-2001).
Steering committee member, Environmental Studies Development Project (1997-1998)
Steering committee member, Asian American Studies Curricula Development Group in the American Culture Program (2000-2002)

Outside Vassar College:

Chair (2008-2010) and an elected member (2007-2010), the Executive Board of the Committee on Korean Studies, Association for Asian Studies (organization that represents over 700 Koreanists in the AAS).

Chair (2005-2006) and an elected member (2005-2007), Sally Hacker Award Committee, Sex & Gender Section of the American Sociological Association.

Member, Editorial Board of Gender & Society (2003-2007) and Asian Women (2007- the present): peer-reviewed English journal published by Soongmyong Women’s University in Seoul, Korea).

Peer reviewer for American Journal of Sociology, Journal of Social History, Current Anthropology, Gender, Place and Culture, Comparative Studies in Society and History; Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews; Feminist Studies; International Feminist Journal of Politics; Journal of Asian Studies; Journal of Gender Studies; Journal of Women, Politics, and Policy; Korean Studies; Pacific Affairs; Political Studies; Social Forces; Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society; Sociological Quarterly; Women’s Studies International Forum; Women’s Studies Quarterly.

Reviewed book manuscripts for University of Minnesota Press and Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

Border-crossing panel organizer and chair, “Cultural Politics of Food and Beverages in Asian-Pacific Regions.” Association for Asian Studies Meeting, Chicago, March 26th -29th, 2009.

Border-crossing Roundtable session organizer and presider, “Sociocultural Consequences of U.S. Military Bases in Asia and Beyond.” Association for Asian Studies Meeting, Boston, March 24th, 2007.

Co-sponsored documentary film screenings (Me & the Owl; Alice in Wonderland) and discussions on U.S. Military prostitution in South Korea at Boston University (March 22, 2007) and at Columbia University (March 28th, 2007)

Presider and discussant, “The Literature of Industrialization: South Korean Politico-economic Machine and the “Agony of Cultural Construction.” Association for Asian Studies Meeting, San Francisco, April 8th, 2006 (invited).

Regular Session organizer and presider, “Immigration and Gender,” American Sociological Association Meeting, Philadelphia, August, 2005 (invited).

Session organizer and presider, “Gender & Sexuality in the Global U.S. Military Empire” sponsored by Sex & Gender section and the Caucus on Transnational Approaches to Gender and Sexuality, American Sociological Association Meeting, August, 2005.

Panel organizer, “Gender and Sexuality in the US Global Military Empire,” the 13th Berkshire Conference on Women’s History, June, 2005.

Member, Review Committees of the Korean-American Educational Commission (to screen Fulbright Scholars and Fulbright Scholarships recipients), September and October, 2004.

Grant proposal reviewer, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, December 2004.

Elected Co-chair, the Caucus on Transnational Approaches to Gender and Sexuality (2004-2006).

Elected Program Director, the Caucus on Transnational Approaches to Gender and Sexuality (2002-2004).

Session organizer, “Chandra T. Mohanty and Reflections on Transnational Feminist Pedagogy and Strategies,” the Annual Meeting of American Sociological Association, August, 2003.

Panel organizer, “Engendering Political Economy and Popular Culture in East Asia,” the Second International Conference of Asia Scholars, August, 2001.

Panel organizer, "Politics of Gender and Sexuality in South-East Asia," the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, March, 1999.

Panel organizer, “East Asian Immigrant Women,” New York Conference of Association for Asian Studies, October, 1998.

Organizer of interdisciplinary research workshop, "The Other Half of the 'Model Minority': Gendered Experiences and Transformation of Identities among East Asian Immigrant Women in the United States," March 14-15, 1998, Vassar College (funded by the Social Sciences Research Council International Migration Research Planning Grant).